Why Work? Dorothy Sayers

Can you remember – it is already getting difficult to remember – what things were like before the war? The stockings we bought cheap and threw away to save the trouble of mending? The cars we scrapped every year to keep up with the latest fashion in engine design and streamlining? The bread and bones and scraps of fat that littered the dustbins – not only of the rich, but of the poor? The empty bottles that even the dustman scorned to collect, because the manufacturers found it cheaper to make new ones than to clean the old? The mountains of empty tins that nobody found it worthwhile to salvage, rusting and stinking on the refuse dumps? The food that was burnt or buried because it did not pay to distribute it? The land choked and impoverished with thistle and ragwort, because it did not pay to farm it? The handkerchiefs used for paint rags and kettleholders? The electric lights left blazing because it was too much trouble to switch them off? The fresh peas we could not be bothered to shell, and threw aside for something out of a tin? The paper that cumbered the shelves, and lay knee-deep in the parks, and littered the seats of railway trains? The scattered hairpins and smashed crockery, the cheap knickknacks of steel and wood and rubber and glass and tin that we bought to fill in an odd half hour at Woolworth’s and forgot as soon as we had bought them? The advertisements imploring and exhorting and cajoling and menacing and bullying us to glut ourselves with things we did not want, in the name of snobbery and idleness and sex appeal? And the fierce international scramble to find in helpless and backward nations a market on which to fob off all the superfluous rubbish which the inexorable machines ground out hour by hour, to create money and to create employment

Do you realize how we have had to alter our whole scale of values, now that we are no longer being urged to consume but to conserve? We have been forced back to the social morals of our great-grandparents. When a piece of lingerie costs three precious coupons, we have to consider, not merely its glamour value, but how long it will wear. When fats are rationed, we must not throw away scraps, but jealously use to advantage what it cost so much time and trouble to breed and rear. When paper is scarce we must – or we should – think whether what we have to say is worth saying before writing or printing it. When our life depends on the land, we have to pay in short commons for destroying its fertility by neglect or overcropping. When a haul of herrings takes valuable manpower from the forces, and is gathered in at the peril of men’s lives by bomb and mine and machine gun, we read a new significance into those gloomy words which appear so often in the fishmonger’s shop: NO FISH TODAY….We have had to learn the bitter lesson that in all the world there are only two sources of real wealth: the fruit of the earth and the labor of men; and to estimate work not by the money it brings to the producer, but by the worth of the thing that is made.

Read the full article here.

What could @HeathrowAirport learn from the Blitz?

The image below looks rather familiar from all the images at Heathrow Airport over the last few days (thankfully I was able to get home, and not get stuck there).  The story has just run on BBC London News, investigating Christmas 1940 down the Tube. Initially customers had to break down barriers as officials weren’t letting them in, then they commandeered space (nights only!), anything they could use for coverings, etc., originally chaos, but then the Government got on board and started to bring food packages down, deal with sewage, etc…

Thankfully don’t think Heathrow has that issue with the sewage, but the lack of information there on Saturday (yes, I was supposed to fly to Cairo on the 18th, having another go tomorrow 5pm, aiming to get to the airport by 12!) was pretty awful. Essentially the message was “Go home, try ba.com, which tells you to ring an 0800 number”, but we didn’t get this message until we’d been in the Terminal for nearly 2 hours (yes, there was ‘Please ring 0800′, but the long queue was assumed to be for rebooking and no one was telling us otherwise…!)…

Meantime, I was wearing my ‘Keep Calm and Carry On’ jumper at the airport, and will be again tomorrow… have definitely had to employ that over the last couple of days!!

Lucy Noakes, University of Brighton, speaks at @_UoW: “War on the Web”

Earlier this evening I attended this talk, see my “rough” notes below. Lucy Noakes was visiting the University of Winchester’s Modern History Research Centre.

BBC People’s War website 2003 – 2006.

Veteran memories, referred to as stories.

Cultural memory of the war!

Growing since 1960s. Defined variously Inc mythical debunking (least helpful). Not exclusive to people who have memories of an event. Politics propaganda etc. Underlying.

Term memory problematic. Joanna Bourke. Usually individually. Allowed or repressed according to social mores – or just for specific audiences. Hegemonic – fighting for dominance.

Ww2 constant point of reference – uses it’s been put to politically has been used in many different ways. People’s War – egalitarianism. 1960s-80s a struggle over meaning of the war – eg Patriotism for Falklands gulf war. Produced ideas to draw upon to qualify  war against terror etc. 7/7 – blitz comparison immediate & omnipresent. Partly Pre a weekend with extra day off re war!

Austerity – ww2 ideas of all in it together – being used in current crisis. DC needs reminding that last war – big move to the left. Symbols – stoicism, bravery, humour etc – policies drawn on great ideas of the past…

Memory & the Internet

Digital revolution… Growing accessibility & ubiquity – shaped role & social use of the media. Difference the web & other sites of memory. More transient – not intended to be a permanent public shared memory. Les permanent & more accessible. Material – physically imposing – specific space. New architectural vernacular… More modernist but still imposing. Designed with eye to posterity whilst saying something about culture. Experienced individually. Form can be widely different – eg try to emulate traditional sites. Traditional wall – what about able to search for names & own memories of war etc. Differnet but all shared public spaces. Behaviour diff – esp public/private space.. Emotion felt in public space or in private but made public by participating.

Websites – more participatory. May be edited but a space for otherwise marginalised or dominated memories. Sww memories – several thousand hits.    Contested memory becomes more contradictory & competing memories. Websites campaigning for physical memorials or help for specific groups.

Importance of war in peoples lives – living through history. Importance of warfare seen as important nationally at other times. National narratives with more family style memories.

The BBC website

To be archived by the British Library. Return to genealogy – families would research their families stories & that older people would not want to use technology. However – desire to tell the story – overcame any fears. Big events – encouraged contributions. Culture Online. Took buses to rural areas with 2000 volunteers – demonstrates keen interest continues. Varied style of stories – long short poems.

War continues to play part in private & public memory. Discord between 2. Continued primacy of the male combatant… Original idea was changed… 12% over 60s were using Internet at time but 80% users of the site were over 60. Hugely successful. Thought stories not worth telling or didn’t want to remember negative memories. However, liked a willing audience & a chance to tell stories.

Divided into 64 categories. Most evacuees, least women’s voluntary. Didn’t focus on historical fact – wanted stories & subjective interpretations.. Personal reflections & memories. Make visible what is usually less visible. Still absences – felt didn’t fit or… Eg only 36 conscientious objectors. None re homosexuality. Or made manageable using languages/symbols from the war – eg lights out over Britain.

Marked by fear… Has been marginalised. Eg wartime Blitz experience. Emphasises collectivity & stoicism (eg in films) rather than overriding fear. Stories emphasise the same… Repressed language of warfare 1950s. Woman’s story – catalogue of death & destruction .. But at end Hitler couldn’t get us down… Now expect counselling.

British character – seen at best during war – under pressure. Often used to negatively compare to modern day disasters. Men with active memories of active service… Particular tone – humorous understatement common to fighting men (& those from Liverpool but otherwise not humour). Descriptive language re effects on the body – quite new, eg re difficult injuries etc. Shares more of the ideas of recent films – eg Saving Private Ryan.. Handheld cameras, fear & random death – appears unmediated… Allows death to feature more positively. Would such visceral language have been used without such films?

Eg Remembrance Day – focuses on the fighting forces rather than other supporting services/civilian deaths. Plus eg service associations gives a specific memory.

No need to fight to have your story told as would in a museum but still easier if fits with dominant discourse. Cultural circuit public private stories – public frames private memories. Wanted to draw on stories for programme making. Dunkirk & D-Day particularly key – graphic realism.

Questions & Comments

Channel Islands often forgotten.

What about such websites available elsewhere?

Appeal for memories? For war? Different to memories of wartime?! Do marginal memories remain marginal? Eg sexual violence & rape in genocide. Does war set ‘boundaries’.

Stories cross referenced across categories. Still privileged are the land sea air memories. Post categorisation & can’t know how chosen.

Significance of Iraq war? Not released immediately but… Useful to have positive memories of war.

Mass Observation – responses to recent wars – all referred back to ww2.

Few comments under entries – several removed. Opens dialogue but decades old dialogue. What about new memories – exist – maybe not same funding.

Migration? Why people moved? Family histories. Results published as definitive answers from 18th C. But those who didn’t have families can’t tell a story. It’s all partial.

Continued sense of centrality – excludes all those who moved here since then.

What picture emerges from these stories – the White nation pulling together. Last legitimate war? All wars since don’t have population behind it since.

Do they say anything about Poland?

Where is Wales [lists England, Scotland, Isle of Man]?

Why no body language via video? Why text?

Can’t ask questions of them.

The Culture Show

Here are “my” posters again… well, I have written the most about them :-) I’m still watching the programme, and it seems to be mostly about “Art” with a capital A, which many posters are not considered as, but the initial summary shows Presenter Alastair Sooke talking to the Art Dept @ the Imperial War Museum about the Keep Calm and Carry On Posters.

See just before 25 minutes in … straight in with Keep Calm and Carry On… but no mention of the fact that Keep Calm and Carry On was never used, and the great quote I believe I used in my thesis, Times describing ‘Freedom is in Peril’ as ‘patronising & insipid’. YES – the posters are more iconic than much art, because they faced everyone (and his name is Abram Games, not Abraham Games :-) !)…

Fougasse Exhibition @ The Cartoon Musuem

Fougasse – Careless Talk Costs Lives

9 September – 21 November 2010

An exhibition of classic war-time poster designs, posters for London Transport and Punch cartoons by Fougasse from the 1920s to the 1960s at the Cartoon Museum, 35 Little Russell Street, London WC1A 2HH. Hopefully of interest to followers of this site. We will also be doing some talks on Fougasse during October.

Comment sent to old site by Anita O’Brien

info@cartoonmuseum.org

http://www.cartoonmuseum.org

Read more about Fougasse on this site.

Yesterday: Spirit of 1940, Video Links

As promised, I’ve been sent a lovely little set of videos… enjoy!

YESTERDAY NEEDS YOU! Experience ‘The Spirit of 1940’ and share your story

1940 was a remarkable year in which Britain experienced the blitz, saw the start of food rationing and sent evacuees away from their homes. To commemorate the 70th anniversary of this astounding year, factual channel Yesterday is releasing a selection of TV shows that celebrate the spirit of 1940 during wartime in Britain, and now Yesterday needs you!

Ration Book Britain is coming to your screens on 15 January, and marks the launch of six specially commissioned shows. To celebrate the first show, Yesterday are asking for your help in compiling an online library of stories and memorabilia from WW2.

What are your memories of the Second World War? How did you experience life with rations? Yesterday would love to know, and is inviting you to share your experiences with others by asking for your help in collating memories and stories from times gone by.

Getting involved is easy. You can send us your own stories, pictures or scans from a scrap book. Did you keep photos of your wartime sweetheart that has always stayed with you? Or how about sharing a favourite recipe that your grandma used to make? Were you a child growing up during the war, or perhaps you’re a youngster now and can persuade your grandpa to dig out his medals?

You can send your memories in any format by email and we’ll pick the best to display on the Yesterday website for all to see. You could even record a wartime story on your new iPhone, and submit a sound bite! Getting involved is easy, simply visit www.visityesterday.co.uk or email your stories to your1940story@uktv.co.uk

The first commission from The Spirit of the 1940s begins with Ration Book Britain, a brand new, one hour special that begins on 15 January 2010 at 5pm. This particular show will commemorate the 70th anniversary of the start of food rationing in Britain, with a unique look at this period of austerity in British history and the impact that rationing had on individual lives.

Helping to document 14 years of food rationing is chef and passionate food lover Valentine Warner, who’ll use all his culinary skills to recreate some of the important wartime recipes, while we’ll also hear firsthand memories from the people tasked with keeping Britain fighting fit throughout the WWII.

Tune in to Ration Book Britain exclusively on Yesterday: Sky 537, Virgin 203, Freeview 12 on 15th January 2010 at 5pm. For more information visit www.visityesterday.co.uk

Been promised some exciting videos shortly too, so look out for those!

Blackout Party, 26th February 2010

26 February 2010, 7.30pm – 1am, ‘The Tunnels’. Looks like a fun event, don’t think I can go, but it’s in aid of a good cause, so hopefully this gives a bit wider publicity to the event.  You can also follow them on Twitter.

History World

Historyworld’s aim is to make world history more easily accessible through interactive narratives and timelines. Written by Bamber Gascoigne, it consists of about 300 narratives ( the alphabetical list runs from Aegean Civilization to Zoroastrianism) and some 10,000 events on searchable timelines, including the Second World War.

Unseen Duxford (16th December)

Useen Duxford“A new tour gives visitors to Imperial War Museum Duxford the opportunity to step back in time to between the First World War and the commencement of the Second World War in Britain. Laura Jean Morris explores the history of the new attraction at the popular Cambridgeshire museum.

WITH everything from a dance hall, gymnasium and cinema to boast of, the airfield at Duxford was one of Britain’s most important bases during the Second World War.

And a new 90-minute tour of the airfield’s North Side, just unveiled by the Imperial War Museum, aims to show visitors just what life was like in the ‘mini-village’ of the base that was first built as a ‘temporary air station’.”

Read full article, and check out Duxford to book for the 16th December.